Presentation Outline:

Laws for the Design of the Universal Cockpit Displays

by
Lawrence E. Tannas, Jr.

Tannas Electronics, Orange, California

PRESENTATION OUTLINE

• THESIS
• PRESENT APPROACH
• EXAMPLE COCKPITS
• PROBLEM IN CONVERTING
• VELOCITY DISPLAYS IMAGE EXAMPLE
• GLOBAL DESIGN PRINCIPLE
• LAWS
• OPTIONS FOR DILEMMA
• MAGNITUDE OF PROBLEM
• CONCLUSION

THESIS

•"A SINGLE UNIVERSAL SET OF PRIMARY FLIGHT DISPLAY   IMAGES IS NOW FEASIBLE FOR ALL AIRCRAFT WITH   ELECTRONIC FLAT-PANEL CONVERSION"

PRESENT APPROACH

• MAKE IT LOOK AS BEFORE
• ADD SOME FEATURES
• ADD TECHNOLOGY USED
• ADD COLOR AS DESIRED

COCKPIT EXAMPLE

EXAMPLES

• 777
• C 141
• PILATUS

PROBLEMS IN CONVERTING TO ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS

• BIASED TO AIRCRAFT APPLICATION
• BIASED TO SUBSET OF PILOT COMMUNITY
• CONSTRAINED TO UPGRADE COVERAGE
• CONSTRAINED TO TECHNOLOGY FEATURES
• RESULT: "DISPLAY IMAGES DIVERGE FROM AIRPLANE TO    AIRPLANE"

VELOCITY DISPLAY IMAGE AS EXAMPLE OF DIVERGENCE

• ROUND DIAL USED HISTORICALLY
• TAPE IS IMPROVED FEATURE
• FLY-TO IS DESIGN LAW
• U.S. MILITARY TAPE HAS HIGHEST SPEED ON BOTTOM FOR FLY-TO
• AIRLINE INDUSTRY TAPE HAS HIGHER SPEED ON TOP
• FOR FLY-FROMÊ AND NEAR-ALTITUDE TAPE FOR FLY-TO
• NEW JPATS USES ROUND DIAL

GLOBAL DESIGN PRINCIPLES

• PILOT IMMERSED INSIDE AIRCRAFT

- INSIDE-OUT
- FLY-TO
- HEADING UP

• ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS EVOLUTION

- IMAGE IS SOFTWARE-CONTROLLED
- NO IMAGE CONSTRAINT
- TRANSPARENT TO AIRPLANE AND PILOT

• OPTIMAL COST VS. SAFETY

- MAKE MINIMAL CHANGES
- CONVERGE TO IDENTICAL IMAGES

• INCORPORATE NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND CONCEPTS

- GPS
- FREE FLIGHT
- SITUATION AWARENESS
- SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS

• PILOTAGE UNIVERSALITY

- INTERNATIONAL
- INTERCOMPANY
- VERTICAL SKILLS PROGRESSION
- UNIVERSAL DISPLAY IMAGES

• LAWS FOR COCKPIT DISPLAY IMAGES

1. ECONOMIC REALITY
2. PILOT CULTURE
3. COST EFFECTIVENESS
4. INTERNATIONAL OCCUPATION
5. MILITARY EXCEPTION TO ABOVE LAWS
6. ALL AND ONLY DATA DISPLAY
7. COLOR AS AID ONLY
8. FAILURE RECOGNITION AND RECOVERY
9. FLY-TO
10. INSIDE-OUT AND HEADING UP
11. ROUND SCALES AND LINEAR SCALES
12. PRESENTATION OF IMAGE

• OPTIONS FOR DILEMMA

- ALL PILOTS FLY ALL COCKPITS AS NEEDED
- MAKE ANY COCKPIT ELECTRONICALLY CONVERTIBLE TO ANY OTHER COCKPIT AS PILOT'S OPTION
- MAKE ANY COCKPIT ELECTRONICALLY CONVERTIBLE TO A UNIVERSAL COCKPIT AS PILOT'S OPTION
- LET EVERY PILOT CONFIGURE HIS OWN COCKPIT ELECTRONICALLY
- MAKE ALL COCKPITS THE UNIVERSAL COCKPIT

• MAGNITUDE OF PROBLEM

- NEW PARADIGM
- NEW TECHNOLOGY
- INDUSTRY-WIDE PILOTAGE

• DESIGN ISSUE

- CRITERIA FOR SUCCESS LACKING
- NO RIGHT ANSWER

• AUTHORITY

- MULTIDISCIPLINE ISSUE WITHOUT FOCUS
- NO SPECIFICATION DOCUMENT

• CRITICALITY

- NOT CONSIDERED SAFETY- CRITICAL
- INTERFACE NOT RECOGNIZED

• NO RESPONSIBLE AGENCY

• A PROBLEM OF OMISSION

CONCLUSION

• THE UNIVERSAL SET OF DISPLAY IMAGES IS UNQUESTIONABLE, DESIRABLE AND FEASIBLE
• THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE PROBLEM IS MADE HEREIN
• A SET OF DESIGN LAWS IS PRESENTED AS THE FIRST STEP
• A METHODOLOGY NEEDS TO BE DEVELOPED TO ACHIEVE IT
• OPEN FOR SUGGESTIONS SEND E-MAIL TO:

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